Python proficiency is becoming an increasingly valuable skill for budding geoscientists.  Having so many capabilities (mapping or plotting data, writing manuscripts, analyzing data, etc.), it can be easy to get lost in what you can do when trying to dip your toes in the coding world. A number of authors from UCSD have compiled several lectures and practice problems to get familiar with the uses of Python so that students may begin to integrate it into their own research 

GIS processes have long been dominated by Esri's ArcGIS program. This program is extremely powerful but has some limitations as it is very expensive to purchase a license and is designed to be used on only PC systems. QGIS offers a free, open source alternative that can be used on any machine. 

Everyone knows how truly powerful Adobe Illustrator can be in designing and modifying graphics, figures, and plots. To help navigate these abilities, Kevin Bonham has compiled a YouTube playlists explaining many of the tools that are most helpful to scientists so you can get the most of your (very expensive) Adobe license. 

MATLAB can be a pretty overwhelming program to use as its uses are nearly endless. For those who would like something to reference, Dave Heslop has created a sort of handbook framed for use by geoscientists.